System and method to transmit data over a bus system

ABSTRACT

A system includes a bus system to connect a number of components in a chain-like structure. A first control device (e.g., microcontroller or microprocessor) is configured to control the components in a first mode of the system. A second control device (e.g., microcontroller or microprocessor) is configured to control a first subset of the components in a second mode of the system.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention generally relates to an electrical or electronic system, and in specific embodiments, to a system comprising a bus, and a method to transmit data over a bus system.

BACKGROUND

In electrical or electronic systems, various individual system modules, for instance various electronic/electric assemblies, various electronic/electric components, for instance various semiconductor components such as integrated circuits, etc., various sub-components, provided in one and the same component or integrated circuit etc., communicate via a transfer medium such as a bus system.

A bus system may comprise one or more transfer lines. Bus systems can be used jointly by two or more than two components of a respective system.

Many conventional bus systems comprise several partial systems, for example a data bus consisting of one or more data lines, and/or an address bus consisting of one or more address lines, and/or a control bus consisting of one or more control lines, etc.

In comparison to this, other bus systems are of a much simpler construction. For example, a so-called IBCB bus (IBCB=Inter Block Communication Bus) in general merely comprises two transmission lines to connect two respective components.

Further examples for relatively simple bus systems are CAN busses (CAN=Controller Area Network), which generally only comprise two or three lines (e.g., CAN_HIGH, CAN_LOW, and—optionally—CAN_GND (ground)), LIN busses (LIN=Local Interconnect Network), which generally comprise only one single transmission line, etc.

In many conventional systems, for instance, in systems with an IBCB bus, various components may be connected in a chain-like structure. For instance, a first component may be connected via two IBCB transmission lines to a second component, the second component may be connected via two IBCB transmission lines to a third component, the third component may be connected via two IBCB transmission lines to a fourth component, etc. Hence, e.g., a logical “1” (or correspondingly, a logical “0”) may first be transmitted from the first component to the second component in the above chain of components, then from the second component to the third component, then from the third component to the fourth component, etc.

In addition, a central microprocessor or microcontroller may be provided, which e.g., may be connected with the first component in the above chain of components, e.g., via SPI (SPI=Serial Peripheral Interface), or any other suitable connection.

However, if any of the above IBCB transmission lines does not work (e.g., a transmission line between the first and second component or, e.g., a transmission line between the second and third component, etc.) the whole system does not work anymore.

For these or other reasons there is a need for improved systems and methods to transmit data over a bus system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, a system comprises a bus system to connect a plurality of components in a chain-like structure. A first microcontroller or microprocessor is adapted to control the plurality of components in a first mode of the system. A second microcontroller or microprocessor adapted to control a first subset of the plurality of components in a second mode of the system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments of the present invention and many of the intended advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description.

FIG. 1 depicts a schematic structure of a conventional electronic/electric system comprising a plurality of components which are connected in a chain-like structure over various busses; and

FIG. 2 depicts a schematic structure of an electronic/electric system according to an embodiment of the invention comprising a plurality of components which are connected in a chain-like structure over various busses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a conventional electronic/electric system 1 comprising a plurality of components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d which are connected in a chain-like structure over various busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d. The components can include any type of module, element or component.

The components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d may, e.g., be or comprise semiconductor components such as integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, for instance, respective ASICs (ASIC=application specific integrated circuit), microprocessors, microcontrollers, etc., or any other kind of integrated circuit or component comprising an integrated circuit. In one particular embodiment, the components may be or comprise respective BALI ASICS (BALI=Battery Management for Lithium Ion Cells) 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, etc.

The system 1 may comprise a relatively high number of components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, e.g., more than two, in particular examples, more than five or ten or twenty components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, e.g., more than five or ten or twenty separate integrated circuits, connected in the above chain-like structure over the above busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d.

Each of the busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d, e.g., may comprise, as shown in FIG. 1, two respective transmission lines 12 a, 12 b, over which data may, e.g., be transmitted in differential form.

For example, the busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d may be respective IBCB busses (IBCB=Inter Block Communication Bus).

The above busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d may be used, e.g., to transmit data referring to detected electric charge loaded in respective cells/block of cells associated with a respective one of the integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d—or any other kind of data—from the respective integrated circuit 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d to a central control device 100, e.g., a respective Battery Management Supervisor Controller, and/or to other ones of the above integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, and/or vice versa (e.g., from the central control device/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 100 to the above integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d). The control device 100 can be a microprocessor or a microcontroller or any other component that performs the functions described herein. The above central control device 100/Battery Management Supervisor Controller may be, e.g., connected with the first integrated circuit 1 a in the above chain of integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, e.g., a respective “Master Node” circuit 1 a. The connection between the central control device 100 and the “Master Node” circuit 1 a, e.g., may be achieved via SPI (SPI=Serial Peripheral Interface), or any other suitable connection.

The above central control device 100/Battery Management Supervisor Controller, in turn, may be connected to the main control device of the vehicle, e.g., via a respective CAN bus (CAN=Controller Area Network), or any other suitable connection.

Each of the above components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d of the system 1, e.g., each of the above integrated circuits 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d may comprise a first interface, e.g., a LS Interface 11 a, a second interface, e.g., a Highside Interface (HS Interface) 11 b, and—optionally—a Level shifter 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d connected between the LS Interface 11 a, and the HS Interface 11 b. Each Level shifter 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d may be connected with the respective additional logic circuits of a respective integrated circuit 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d.

Hence, a respective data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 1 a, i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 1 a (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface 11 b thereof) via the bus 2 a to the integrated circuit 1 b (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). By the Level Shifter 13 b of the integrated circuit 1 b the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 a to the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 b. Then, the voltage shifted received data signal may, e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 1 b (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 2 b to the integrated circuit 1 c (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof).

Thereafter, by the Level Shifter 13 c of the integrated circuit 1 c the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 b to the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 c. Then, the voltage shifted received data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 1 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 2 c to the integrated circuit 1 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). By the Level Shifter 13 d of the integrated circuit 1 d the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 c to the voltage domain of the ASIC 1 d, and is then transmitted from the integrated circuit 1 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 2 d to the next ASIC in the chain, etc., etc., until the data signal is received by the last ASIC 1 e in the chain (“Final Node” circuit 1 e).

Each integrated circuit 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, (e.g., each of the above Level shifters) may, e.g., shift the level of the data signals by a relatively high voltage amount, e.g., between 1V and 200 V, in particular examples, between 5V and 100 V, or between 10V and 80V, e.g., up to 60V.

The busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d hence may be seen as commonly forming a bus system, where the separate buses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d are galvanically decoupled from one another.

However, if any of the above busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d, or any of the above transmission lines 12 a, 12 b of the busses 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d does not work (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1, the bus 2 b between the integrated circuit 1 b, and the integrated circuit 1 c, e.g., due to a failure in one or both transmission lines of the respective bus 2 b), the whole system 1 does not work anymore.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an electronic/electric system 101 according to an embodiment of the invention.

As is shown in FIG. 2, the system comprises a plurality of components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d which are connected in a chain-like structure over various busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d.

The components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be or comprise, e.g., semiconductor components such as integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, for instance, respective ASICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, etc., or any other kind of integrated circuit or component comprising an integrated circuit. In particular embodiments, the components may be or comprise respective BALI ASICS (BALI=Battery Management for Lithium Ion Cells) 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, etc.

Alternatively, the system 101 may be, e.g., a single integrated circuit chip, comprising various sub-components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, provided in one and the same single integrated circuit chip 101, the various sub-components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d of the single integrated circuit chip 101 being connected in a chain-like structure over various chip-internal busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d.

Preferably, the system 101 comprises a relatively high number of components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, e.g., more than two, in particular embodiments, more than five or ten or twenty components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, e.g., more than five or ten or twenty separate integrated circuits (or sub-components of a single integrated circuit), connected in the above chain-like structure over the above busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d.

Each of the busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d may, e.g., comprise—as shown in FIG. 2—two respective transmission lines 112 a, 112 b, over which data may be transmitted in differential form. Alternatively, each bus may, e.g., only comprise one single transmission line, or more than two, e.g., three or more than three transmission lines.

For example, the busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d may be respective IBCB busses (IBCB=Inter Block Communication Bus), or any other kind of busses (e.g., respective CAN busses (CAN=Controller Area Network), LIN busses (LIN=Local Interconnect Network), or similar busses, etc.).

The above system 101 may, e.g., be used in a vehicle, such as a car, a plane, a helicopter, a motorcycle, etc. In advantageous embodiment, the system 101 is used in a car with an electric engine (and/or a combustion engine, such as a hybrid).

For instance, the system 101 may be used to control a battery, e.g., a battery provided in an electric vehicle, or any other battery provided, e.g., in any of the above-mentioned vehicles.

In the battery, several cells, e.g., respective Lithium Ion Cells, or any other kind of cells may be connected in series. The series connection of the cells may result in the battery providing a total voltage of more than ten, preferably more than hundred, two-hundred or five-hundred volts.

Each of the above components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d of the system 101, e.g., each of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be used to monitor and/or control different ones of the above cells, and/or different blocks of cells/battery modules, each block of cells/battery module comprising several, different ones of the cells.

For instance, a first integrated circuit 101 a of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be used to monitor and/or control a first cell, and/or a first battery module, a second integrated circuit 101 b of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be used to monitor and/or control a second cell, and/or a second battery module, a third integrated circuit 101 c of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be used to monitor and/or control a third cell, and/or a third battery module, a fourth integrated circuit 101 d of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be used to monitor and/or control a fourth cell, and/or a fourth battery module, etc.

Thereby, e.g., the electric charge loaded in the respective cells/block of cells associated with a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may be detected by a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d. Alternatively or in addition thereto, with the help of a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, an appropriate reaction to a detected electric charge loaded in respective cells/blocks of cells may be controlled. For instance, by use of a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, a single associated cell, and/or an associated block of cells may be discharged (passive balancing). Further, by use of a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, charge may be transferred between single cells, and/or respective blocks of cells (active balancing).

As is shown in FIG. 2, other than with conventional systems, more than one central control device 200, 201, e.g., more than one respective Battery Management Supervisor Controller 200, 201 may be used to help to control the above components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, connected in the above chain-like structure over the above busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d, e.g., two (or even more, e.g., three or four) central microprocessors or microcontrollers 200, 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controllers 200, 201.

As will be described in further detail below, the above busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d e.g., may be used to transmit data referring to the detected electric charge loaded in respective cells/block of cells associated with a respective one of the integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d—or any other kind of data—from the respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d to e.g., the above first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 200 (and/or to the above second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 201, see explanations below), and/or e.g., to other ones of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d (or a subset thereof, see explanations below), and/or vice versa (e.g., from the first central control device/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 200 to the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, or a subset thereof (and/or e.g., from the second central control device/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 201 to the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, or a subset thereof, see explanations below).

The above first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller e.g., may be connected with the first integrated circuit 101 a in the above chain of integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, e.g., a respective “Master Node” circuit 101 a. The connection between the first central control device 200 and the “Master Node” circuit 101 a, e.g., may be achieved via SPI (SPI=Serial Peripheral Interface), or any other suitable connection.

The above first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller, in turn, may be connected to a central control device 300 of the vehicle, e.g., via a respective CAN bus (CAN=Controller Area Network), or via SPI, or any other suitable connection.

Correspondingly similar, the above second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller e.g., may be connected with a last integrated circuit 101 e in the above chain of integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, e.g., a respective “Final Node” circuit 101 e. The connection between the second central control device 201 and the “Final Node” circuit 101 e, e.g., may be achieved via SPI (SPI=Serial Peripheral Interface), or any other suitable connection.

The above second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller, in turn, may be connected to the central control device 300 of the vehicle, e.g., via a respective CAN bus (CAN=Controller Area Network), or via SPI, or any other suitable connection.

As is shown in FIG. 2, each of the above components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d of the system 101, e.g., each of the above integrated circuits 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d may comprise a first interface, e.g., a LS Interface 111 a, a second interface, e.g., a HS Interface 111 b, and—optionally—a Level shifter 113 a, 113 b, 113 c, 113 d connected between the LS Interface 111 a, and the HS Interface 111 b. Each Level shifter 113 a, 113 b, 113 c, 113 d may be connected with the respective additional logic circuits of a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d.

Other than with conventional systems, the above first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller is connected via respective additional transmission lines, e.g., two additional transmission lines 200 a, 200 b to the LS Interface of the integrated circuit 101 a, i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 101 a.

Further, the above second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller is connected via respective further additional transmission lines, e.g., two further additional transmission lines 201 a, 201 b to the HS Interface of the integrated circuit 101 e, i.e., the “Final Node” circuit 101 e.

At the beginning of a first operational mode of the system 101, e.g., after Reset/Power Down, and, e.g., triggered by the central control device 300, a respective wake request may be sent out from the first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller to the first component 101 a in the above chain (i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 101 a), and then to the other components/integrated circuits 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, 101 e in the chain. The wake request e.g., may be a data signal comprising a specific, predetermined sequence of bits, for instance, a specific, predetermined combination of logical “1”s and logical “0”s transmitted consecutively from the above first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller to the “Master Node” circuit 101 a, and then from one circuit in the above chain to the other to the above last circuit 101 e in the above chain, i.e., the above “Final Node” circuit 101 e.

Hence, a respective wake request data signal may, e.g., be transmitted from the first central control device 200/Battery Management Supervisor Controller via the above additional transmission lines 200 a, 200 b to the integrated circuit 101 a, i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 101 a (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface 111 a thereof).

By the Level Shifter 113 a of the integrated circuit 101 a the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the first central control device 200 to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 a. Then, the voltage shifted received wake request data signal may be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 a (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface 111 b thereof) via the bus 102 a to the integrated circuit 101 b (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof).

By the Level Shifter 113 b of the integrated circuit 101 b the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 a to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 b. Then, the voltage shifted received wake request data signal may, e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 b (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 b to the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof).

Thereafter, by the Level Shifter 113 c of the integrated circuit 101 c the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 b to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 c. Then, the voltage shifted received wake request data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). By the Level Shifter 113 d of the integrated circuit 101 d the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 c to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 d, and is then transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 d to the next ASIC in the chain, etc., etc., until the wake request data signal is received by the last ASIC 101 e in the chain (“Final Node” circuit 101 e).

Each integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, (e.g., each of the above Level shifters) may shift the level of the data signals by a relatively high voltage amount, e.g., between 1V and 200 V, in particular embodiments, between 5V and 100 V, or between 10V and 80V, e.g., up to 60V.

The busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d hence may be seen as commonly forming a bus system, where the separate buses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d are galvanically decoupled from one another.

In addition, in some embodiments, the galvanic connection between respective HS and LS Interfaces of two different ones of the above integrated circuits provided by a respective one of the above busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d (e.g., the galvanic connection between the HS Interface 111 b of the integrated circuit 101 a and the LS Interface of the integrated circuit 101 b provided by the bus 102 a, etc.) may be interrupted by a respective series connection of capacitors.

In response to detecting that the above wake request data signal is received at a respective LS Interface of a respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, 101 e in the chain, the respective integrated circuit 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, 101 e detects that it needs to change from a first to a second state, e.g., from a passive to an active state (“wake up”), and that the above first operational mode of the system 101 has started.

In the first operational mode of the system 101, the first central control device 200 (e.g., Battery Management Supervisor Controller) is in an active state, and the second central control device 201 (e.g., Battery Management Supervisor Controller) is in a passive state. Hence, in the first operational mode of the system 101, the first central control device 200, but not the second central control device 201 is used to help to control the system including components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, 101 e in the above chain.

In the first operational mode of the system 101, for example, after the above “wake up” of the integrated circuits, correspondingly similar as in conventional systems, a respective data signal, e.g., may be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 a, i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 101 a (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface 111 b thereof) via the bus 102 a to the integrated circuit 101 b (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). By the Level Shifter 113 b of the integrated circuit 101 b the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 a to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 b. Then, the voltage shifted received data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 b (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 b to the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof).

Thereafter, by the Level Shifter 113 c of the integrated circuit 101 c the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 b to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 c. Then, the voltage shifted received data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). By the Level Shifter 113 d of the integrated circuit 101 d the received data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 c to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 d, and is then transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 d to the next ASIC in the chain, etc., etc., until the data signal is received by the last ASIC 101 e in the chain (“Final Node” circuit 101 e).

Conversely, in the first operational mode of the system 101 (e.g., after the above “wake up” of the integrated circuits and also correspondingly similar as in conventional system), a respective data signal may also be transmitted in the opposite direction, e.g., from the integrated circuit 101 e, i.e., the “Final Node” circuit 101 e (in a particular example, the respective Lowside Interface (LS Interface)) via the bus 102 d to the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof). After level shifting the data signal, it may then be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof), etc., etc., until the data signal is received by the first ASIC 101 a in the chain (“Master Node” circuit 101 a).

If any of the above busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d, or any of the above transmission lines 112 a, 112 b of the busses 102 a, 102 b, 102 c, 102 d does not work (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2, the bus 102 b between the integrated circuit 101 b, and the integrated circuit 101 c, e.g., due to a failure in one or both transmission lines of the respective bus 102 b), the system 101 is brought from the above first to a second operational mode.

At the beginning of the second operational mode, the second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 201 is brought from the above passive into an active state, such that then both the first, and the second central control device 200, 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 200, 201 are in an active state.

Hence, in the second operational mode of the system 101, both the first and the second central control device 200, 201 are used to help to control the system 101, i.e., the above components 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d, 101 e in the above chain.

In the second operational mode of the system 101, the first central control device 200 is used to help to control the components “upstream” (see arrow B) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 a, 101 b), and the second central control device 201 is used to help to control the components “downstream” (see arrow A) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 c, 101 d, 101 e).

To detect that a failure has occurred, e.g., during the above first operational mode of the system 101, a timeout control signal may be sent on a regular basis—e.g., triggered by the first central control device 200—from the integrated circuit 101 a, i.e., the “Master Node” circuit 101 a via the bus 102 a to the integrated circuit 101 b, and then from the integrated circuit 101 b via the bus 102 b to the integrated circuit 101 c, and thereafter from the integrated circuit 101 c via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 d, etc., until the timeout control signal is received by the last ASIC 101 e in the chain (“Final Node” circuit 101 e).

In case that a respective integrated circuit in the above chain does not receive a respective timeout control signal (or does not receive such timeout control signal a predetermined time after a previous timeout control signal), it is detected—e.g., by the respective ASIC, and/or e.g., the respective central control device (e.g., the microprocessor 200)—that “upstream” (see arrow B) of the respective integrated circuit, a failure has occurred, and that the respective integrated circuit (and additional integrated circuits further “downstream”) is/are not to be controlled by the first central control device 200 any longer, but, instead, by the second central control device 201.

In this case, a respective error detection signal may be sent e.g., by the respective central control device (e.g., the microprocessor 200) to the above central control device 300. Further, the respective integrated circuit may change from the above active state to a passive, e.g., a timeout state.

In response to receiving the error detection signal, the central control device 300 may bring the system 101 from the above first to the above second operational mode, and may send respective operational mode change signals to the first and second central control device 200, 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 200, 201.

The second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller 201 may then change from the above passive into the above active state.

At the beginning of the second operational mode of the system 101, according to an embodiment, and e.g., triggered by the central control device 300, a respective wake request may be sent out from the second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller to the last component/integrated circuit 101 e in the above chain (i.e., the “Final Node” circuit 101 e), and then to other components/integrated circuits 101 d, 101 c in the chain, till the above bus with a failure is reached (i.e., to the components “downstream” (see arrow A) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 d, 101 c)).

The wake request e.g., may be a data signal comprising a specific, predetermined sequence of bits, for instance, a specific, predetermined combination of logical “1”s and logical “0”s transmitted consecutively from the above second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller to the “Final Node” circuit 101 e, and then from one circuit in the above chain to the other.

Hence, a respective wake request data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the second central control device 201/Battery Management Supervisor Controller via the above additional transmission lines 201 a, 201 b to the integrated circuit 101 e, i.e., the “Final Node” circuit 101 e (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof).

By the Level Shifter of the integrated circuit 101 e the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the second central control device 201 to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 e. Then, the voltage shifted received wake request data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 e (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 d to the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof).

By the Level Shifter of the integrated circuit 101 d the received wake request data signal is shifted from the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 e to the voltage domain of the ASIC 101 d. Then, the voltage shifted received wake request data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof).

In response to detecting that the above wake request data signal is received at a respective HS Interface of a respective integrated circuit 101 e, 101 d, 101 c in the chain, the respective integrated circuit 101 e, 101 d, 101 c detects that it needs to change from the above passive, e.g., the above timeout state (again) to an active state (“wake up”), and that the above second operational mode of the system 101 has started.

In the second operational mode of the system 101, as mentioned above, the first central control device 200 is used to help to control the components “upstream” (see arrow B) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 a, 101 b), and the second central control device 201 is used to help to control the components “downstream” (see arrow A) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 c, 101 d, 101 e).

Further, in the second operational mode of the system 101, the integrated circuit 101 a may act as “Master Node” for the components “upstream” (see arrow B) of the failure (e.g., the module 101 b), and the integrated circuit 101 e may act as “Master Node” for the components “downstream” (see arrow A) of the failure (e.g., the modules 101 d, 101 c).

In the second operational mode of the system 101, under control of the first central control device 200, a respective data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 b (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 a to the integrated circuit 101 a (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof). After level shifting the data signal, it may then be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 a to e.g., the first central control device 200. Vice versa, a respective data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the first central control device 200 to the integrated circuit 101 a, and then via the bus 102 a to the integrated circuit 101 b.

Correspondingly, under control of the second central control device 201, a respective data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 c (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). After level shifting the data signal, it may then be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 d (in a particular example, the respective HS Interface thereof) via the bus 102 d to the integrated circuit 101 e (in a particular example, the respective LS Interface thereof). After level shifting the data signal, it may then be transmitted from the integrated circuit 101 e to e.g., the second central control device 201. Vice versa, a respective data signal may e.g., be transmitted from the second central control device 201 to the integrated circuit 101 e, and then via the bus 102 d to the integrated circuit 101 d, and then via the bus 102 c to the integrated circuit 101 c.

Hence, even with the above failure in the bus 102 b, the system 101 works well.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a plurality of components connected in a chain structure via a plurality of links, wherein each link is coupled to adjacent ones of the components, a first link of the plurality of links is operably coupled only between a first component of the plurality of components and a second component of the plurality of components, and a second link is operably coupled only between the second component of the plurality of components and a third component of the plurality of components; a host controller; and a shadow controller, wherein, in a first mode of the system in which all the links are operational, the host controller controls each of the plurality of components, wherein, in a second mode of the system in which at least one of the first link or the second link is not operational, the host controller controls a first subset of the components and the shadow controller controls a second subset of the components, wherein the host controller is connected to a component of the first subset of the components via a first bus separate from the plurality of links, and wherein the shadow controller is connected to a component of the second subset of the components via a second bus separate from the plurality of links.
 2. The system of claim 1, further a comprising a central control device operatively connected to the host controller and the shadow controller, the central control device configured to change the system from the first mode of the system to the second mode of the system.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each link comprises two transmission lines.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of components is adapted to monitor or control a battery cell.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first link comprises a first bus and the second link comprises a second bus, the first bus and the second bus having a same bus type.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the same bus type is an Inter Block Communication Bus (IBCB).
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of components is adapted to monitor and control a battery cell.
 8. A system comprising: a plurality of components connected in a chain structure via a plurality of links, wherein each link is coupled to adjacent ones of the components, a first link of the plurality of links is operably coupled only between a first component of the plurality of components and a second component of the plurality of components, and a second link is operably coupled only between the second component of the plurality of components and a third component of the plurality of components; a host controller; a shadow controller, wherein, in a first mode of the system in which all the links are operational, the host controller controls each of the plurality of components, wherein, in a second mode of the system in which at least one of the first link or the second link is not operational, the host controller controls a first subset of the components and the shadow controller controls a second subset of the components; and a central control device operatively connected to the host controller and the shadow controller, the central control device configured to change the system from the first mode of the system to the second mode of the system, wherein the host controller and the shadow controller are operatively coupled to the central control device in the first mode and in the second mode.
 9. A system comprising: a plurality of components connected in a chain structure via a plurality of links, wherein each link is coupled to adjacent ones of the components, a first link of the plurality of links is operably coupled only between a first component of the plurality of components and a second component of the plurality of components, and a second link is operably coupled only between the second component of the plurality of components and a third component of the plurality of components; a host controller; a shadow controller, wherein, in a first mode of the system in which all the links are operational, the host controller controls each of the plurality of components, wherein, in a second mode of the system in which at least one of the first link or the second link is not operational, the host controller controls a first subset of the components and the shadow controller controls a second subset of the components; and a central control device operatively connected to the host controller and the shadow controller, the central control device configured to change the system from the first mode of the system to the second mode of the system, wherein the central control device is operatively coupled to the host controller and the shadow controller via a bus connection different from the plurality of links.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein: the first link of the plurality of links and the second link of the plurality of links are a same type of link; and the shadow controller is configured to control at least one of the plurality of components via at least one of the first link and the second link in the second mode.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first subset of the components comprises a first plurality of components and the second subset of the components comprises a second plurality of components.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein: the component of the first subset of the components is disposed on a first end of the chain structure; and the component of the second subset of the components is disposed on a second end of the chain structure opposite the first end.
 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a central controller coupled to the host controller and the shadow controller via a third bus separate from the plurality of links, wherein the central controller is configured to change the system from the first mode of the system to the second mode of the system via the third bus, the host controller and the shadow controller. 